Sukavati

 

Reddit quote from u/huianxin 

I studied a bit of East Asian and Buddhist art history in college as an undergrad.

The picture from OP is a copy of  Ding Guanpeng's (丁観鵬) 1758 painting, Supreme Bliss World. Ding Guanpeng was one of the Qianlong Emperor's favorite court artists. As one of the Imperial academic artists, Ding Guanpeng was known for his landscape paintings, as well as paintings of Buddhist subjects.

This one specifically appears to be a copy of the original painting. Digging around some academic papers, I found a 2018 Masters thesis discussing this painting and its copies, and this specific one appears to be credited as

Anonymous, Weaving a Brocade Scroll of the Supreme Bliss World on an Azurite-colored Ground (Shiqing di jile shijie zhichengjin tuzhou 石青地极 乐世界织成锦圖軸). Song brocade tapestry. 448 x 196 cm. In the collection of the Palace Museum, Beijing.

The Masters thesis is quite excellent and contains very detailed analysis of the work, so I won't say too much here. Here are some main points. Ding Guanpeng was commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, who was a devotee of Tibetan Buddhism, to create a painting of the Western Paradise modeled after Guanxiu 貫休 (832-912)’s painting. Guanxiu's painting of the Western Paradise unfortunately does not exist today. As others have identified, the central figure is Amitābha, the figure to the left is Avalokiteśvara, and the figure to the right is Mahāsthāmaprāpta. On the flanks of Amitābha are two groups of five arhats, below them, two groups of eleven arhats. Between Amitābha and Avalokiteśvara and Amitābha and Mahāsthāmaprāpta are groups of several bodhisattvas. Behind Avalokiteśvara is a group of eighteen individuals that appear as officials, one appears taller than the others, likely the male patron of the piece. Behind Mahāsthāmaprāpta is a similar group, with a central female patron. At the bottom in the lotus pond are figures standing on lotus flowers, likely devout practioners reaching the Pure Land.

This painting was copied a couple times and reflected the Qianlong Emperor's interest and devotion to the Western Pure Land. The painting by Ding Guanpeng used historical pieces as reference, but added unique elements for its imperial and Manchu patrons.

Reference: Shiyu Zheng, Emperor Qianlong’s Pictorial and Physical Sites for Western Paradises, University of Washington 2018 (may be downloaded for free)